Weighted annotation evaluation

ABSTRACT

A method for providing annotation summaries for annotations is provided. The method may include receiving annotations associated with analyzed unstructured data. The method may further include sorting the received annotations. Additionally, the method may include receiving focal points on the analyzed unstructured data. The method may also include extracting the sorted annotations associated with the focal points. The method may further include normalizing terms and phrases associated with the extracted annotations. The method may also include determining topics based on the normalized terms and phrases associated with the extracted annotations. The method may further include grouping the extracted annotations based on the determined topics. The method may also include summarizing the grouped annotations to generate a summarized annotation. The method may further include replacing the extracted annotations with the summarized annotation. The method may also include presenting the summarized annotation in place of the extracted annotations.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates generally to the field of computing, andmore specifically, to data analysis.

Generally, text analytics/frameworks such as an unstructured informationmanagement architecture (UIMA) may be used as a framework for analyzingdata. Specifically, the text analytics may use analysis engines andannotators to analyze unstructured data that may include documents,audio, video, and images. Furthermore, the text analytics/frameworks maypresent the analysis results on data structures, such as a commonanalysis structure (CAS), and may typically include associatingannotations with the unstructured data, such as annotating the names ofpersons, organizations, locations, facilities, and products, which arenot explicitly tagged or annotated in the unstructured data. Forexample, the text analytics/frameworks may use analysis engines andannotators to analyze the unstructured data associated with medicalevaluation reports on patients in order to determine indicators ofmedical injury. Specifically, based on a patient medical report, thetext analytics/frameworks may extract and annotate terms that aredetermined to be indicators of medical injury, such as the terms “fall,”“pain,” “other injuries,” “other injuries to her left ankle,”“swelling,” “pain,” “pain over the Achilles tendon,” “pain,” “ankleinjury,” “ankle sprain,” “small fracture,” “some pain,” and “fracture.”

SUMMARY

A method for providing at least one annotation summary for a pluralityof annotations associated with at least one analyzed unstructured datais provided. The method may include receiving the plurality ofannotations associated with the at least one analyzed unstructured data.The method may further include sorting the received plurality ofannotations. Additionally, the method may include receiving at least onefocal point on the at least one analyzed unstructured data. The methodmay also include extracting the sorted plurality of annotationsassociated with the received at least one focal point. The method mayfurther include normalizing a plurality of terms and a plurality ofphrases associated with the extracted plurality of annotations. Themethod may also include determining at least one topic based on thenormalized plurality of terms and the normalized plurality of phrasesassociated with the extracted plurality of annotations. The method mayfurther include grouping the extracted plurality of annotations based onthe determined at least one topic. The method may also includesummarizing the grouped plurality of annotations to generate at leastone summarized annotation. The method may further include replacing theextracted plurality of annotations with the at least one summarizedannotation. The method may also include presenting the at least onesummarized annotation in place of the extracted plurality of annotationson the at least one analyzed unstructured data.

A computer system for providing at least one annotation summary for aplurality of annotations associated with at least one analyzedunstructured data is provided. The computer system may include one ormore processors, one or more computer-readable memories, one or morecomputer-readable tangible storage devices, and program instructionsstored on at least one of the one or more storage devices for executionby at least one of the one or more processors via at least one of theone or more memories, whereby the computer system is capable ofperforming a method. The method may include receiving the plurality ofannotations associated with the at least one analyzed unstructured data.The method may further include sorting the received plurality ofannotations. Additionally, the method may include receiving at least onefocal point on the at least one analyzed unstructured data. The methodmay also include extracting the sorted plurality of annotationsassociated with the received at least one focal point. The method mayfurther include normalizing a plurality of terms and a plurality ofphrases associated with the extracted plurality of annotations. Themethod may also include determining at least one topic based on thenormalized plurality of terms and the normalized plurality of phrasesassociated with the extracted plurality of annotations. The method mayfurther include grouping the extracted plurality of annotations based onthe determined at least one topic. The method may also includesummarizing the grouped plurality of annotations to generate at leastone summarized annotation. The method may further include replacing theextracted plurality of annotations with the at least one summarizedannotation. The method may also include presenting the at least onesummarized annotation in place of the extracted plurality of annotationson the at least one analyzed unstructured data.

A computer program product for providing at least one annotation summaryfor a plurality of annotations associated with at least one analyzedunstructured data is provided. The computer program product may includeone or more computer-readable storage devices and program instructionsstored on at least one of the one or more tangible storage devices, theprogram instructions executable by a processor. The computer programproduct may include program instructions to receive the plurality ofannotations associated with the at least one analyzed unstructured data.The computer program product may further include program instructions tosort the received plurality of annotations. Additionally, the computerprogram product may also include program instructions to receive atleast one focal point on the at least one analyzed unstructured data.The computer program product may further include program instructions toextract the sorted plurality of annotations associated with the receivedat least one focal point. The computer program product may also includeprogram instructions to normalize a plurality of terms and a pluralityof phrases associated with the extracted plurality of annotations. Thecomputer program product may further include program instructions todetermine at least one topic based on the normalized plurality of termsand the normalized plurality of phrases associated with the extractedplurality of annotations. The computer program product may also includeprogram instructions to group the extracted plurality of annotationsbased on the determined at least one topic. The computer program productmay further include program instructions to summarize the groupedplurality of annotations to generate at least one summarized annotation.The computer program product may also include program instructions toreplace the extracted plurality of annotations with the at least onesummarized annotation. The computer program product may further includeprogram instructions to present the at least one summarized annotationin place of the extracted plurality of annotations on the at least oneanalyzed unstructured data.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other objects, features and advantages of the presentinvention will become apparent from the following detailed descriptionof illustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connectionwith the accompanying drawings. The various features of the drawings arenot to scale as the illustrations are for clarity in facilitating oneskilled in the art in understanding the invention in conjunction withthe detailed description. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates a networked computer environment according to oneembodiment;

FIG. 2 is an operational flowchart illustrating the steps carried out bya program for providing annotation summaries to annotations associatedwith analyzed unstructured data according to one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the system architecture of a program forproviding annotation summaries to annotations associated with analyzedunstructured data according to one embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an illustrative cloud computing environmentincluding the computer system depicted in FIG. 1, in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of functional layers of the illustrative cloudcomputing environment of FIG. 4, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Detailed embodiments of the claimed structures and methods are disclosedherein; however, it can be understood that the disclosed embodiments aremerely illustrative of the claimed structures and methods that may beembodied in various forms. This invention may, however, be embodied inmany different forms and should not be construed as limited to theexemplary embodiments set forth herein. In the description, details ofwell-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarilyobscuring the presented embodiments.

Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to the field ofcomputing, and more particularly, to data analysis. The followingdescribed exemplary embodiments provide a system, method and programproduct for providing annotation summaries to annotations based onanalysis results associated with unstructured data. Therefore, thepresent embodiment has the capacity to improve the technical fieldassociated with data analysis by filtering out redundant and relatedannotations based on the analysis results associated with theunstructured data. Specifically, the present embodiment may receiveannotations associated with analyzed unstructured data, determine topicsassociated with the annotations, and summarize the annotations based onthe determined topics.

As previously described with respect to data analysis, textanalytics/frameworks such as UIMA may use analysis engines andannotators to analyze unstructured data that may include documents,audio, video, and images. For example, and as previously described, thetext analytics/frameworks may analyze the unstructured data associatedwith medical evaluation reports by extracting and annotating medicalinjury indicators. However, because the analysis engines and annotatorsmay broadly analyze the unstructured data, the text analytics/frameworksmay extract and annotate redundant terms and related terms resulting inexcessive analysis results. Specifically, and as previously described,the text analytics/frameworks may use analysis engines to annotatemedical injury indicators such as “fall,” “pain,” “other injuries,”“other injuries to her left ankle,” “swelling,” “pain,” “pain over theAchilles tendon,” “pain,” “ankle injury,” “ankle sprain,” “smallfracture,” “some pain,” and “fracture.” Therefore, the textanalytics/frameworks may extract and annotate redundant terms such as“pain” and “pain,” and related terms such as “other injuries,” “otherinjuries to her left ankle,” “swelling,” “pain,” “pain over the Achillestendon,” and “ankle injury,” as well as “fracture” and “small fracture,”thereby resulting in excessive extractions and annotations. As such, itmay be advantageous, among other things, to provide a system, method andprogram product for providing annotation summaries to annotations basedon analysis results associated with unstructured data. Specifically, thesystem, method, and program product may receive annotations associatedwith analyzed unstructured data, determine topics associated with theannotations, and summarize the annotations based on the determinedtopics.

According to at least one implementation of the present embodiment,annotations associated with analyzed unstructured data may be received.Next, the received annotations may be sorted. Then, focal pointsassociated with the analyzed unstructured data may be received. Next,the sorted annotations associated with the received focal points may beextracted. Then, terms and phrases associated with the extractedannotations may be normalized. Next, topics associated with theextracted annotations may be determined based on the normalized termsand phrases. Then, based on the determined topics, the extractedannotations may be grouped. Next, the grouped annotations may besummarized. Then, the extracted annotations associated with the receivedfocal points may be replaced with the summarized annotations. Next, thesummarized annotations may be presented on the analyzed unstructureddata.

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product. The computer program product may include a computerreadable storage medium (or media) having computer readable programinstructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of thepresent invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like,and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer(for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example,programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), orprogrammable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readableprogram instructions by utilizing state information of the computerreadable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry,in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of theorder noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

The following described exemplary embodiments provide a system, method,and program product for providing annotation summaries to annotationsassociated with analyzed unstructured data.

According to at least one implementation, annotations associated withanalyzed unstructured data may be received. Next, the receivedannotations may be sorted. Then, focal points associated with theanalyzed unstructured data may be received. Next, the sorted annotationsassociated with the received focal points may be extracted. Then, termsand phrases associated with the extracted annotations may be normalized.Next, topics associated with the extracted annotations may be determinedbased on the normalized terms and phrases. Then, based on the determinedtopics, the extracted annotations may be grouped. Next, the groupedannotations may be summarized. Then, the extracted annotationsassociated with the received focal points may be replaced with thesummarized annotations. Next, the summarized annotations may bepresented on the analyzed unstructured data.

Referring now to FIG. 1, an exemplary networked computer environment 100in accordance with one embodiment is depicted. The networked computerenvironment 100 may include a computer 102 with a processor 104 and adata storage device 106 that is enabled to run an annotationsummarization program 108A and a software program 114. The softwareprogram 114 may be an application program such as IBM® Advanced CareInsights (IBM and all IBM—based trademarks and logos are trademarks orregistered trademarks of International Business Machines and/or itsaffiliates). The annotation summarization program 108A may communicatewith the software program 114. The networked computer environment 100may also include a server 112 that is enabled to run an annotationsummarization program 108B and a communication network 110. Thenetworked computer environment 100 may include a plurality of computers102 and servers 112, only one of which is shown for illustrativebrevity.

According to at least one implementation, the present embodiment mayalso include a database 116, which may be running on server 112. Thecommunication network may include various types of communicationnetworks, such as a wide area network (WAN), local area network (LAN), atelecommunication network, a wireless network, a public switched networkand/or a satellite network. It may be appreciated that FIG. 1 providesonly an illustration of one implementation and does not imply anylimitations with regard to the environments in which differentembodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depictedenvironments may be made based on design and implementationrequirements.

The client computer 102 may communicate with server computer 112 via thecommunications network 110. The communications network 110 may includeconnections, such as wire, wireless communication links, or fiber opticcables. As will be discussed with reference to FIG. 3, server computer112 may include internal components 800 a and external components 900 a,respectively, and client computer 102 may include internal components800 b and external components 900 b, respectively. Server computer 112may also operate in a cloud computing service model, such as Software asa Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), or Infrastructure as aService (IaaS). Server 112 may also be located in a cloud computingdeployment model, such as a private cloud, community cloud, publiccloud, or hybrid cloud. Client computer 102 may be, for example, amobile device, a telephone, a personal digital assistant, a netbook, alaptop computer, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, or any type ofcomputing device capable of running a program and accessing a network.According to various implementations of the present embodiment, theannotation summarization program 108A, 108B may interact with a database116 that may be embedded in various storage devices, such as, but notlimited to a mobile device 102, a networked server 112, or a cloudstorage service.

According to the present embodiment, a program, such as an annotationsummarization program 108A and 108B may run on the client computer 102or on the server computer 112 via a communications network 110. Theannotation summarization program 108A, 108B may provide annotationsummaries to annotations based on analysis results associated withunstructured data. Specifically, a user using a computer, such ascomputer 102, may run an annotation summarization program 108A, 108B,that interacts with a software program 114, to receive annotationsassociated with analyzed unstructured data, determine the topicsassociated with the received annotations, and summarize the receivedannotations based on the determined topics.

Referring now to FIG. 2, an operational flowchart 200 illustrating thesteps carried out by a program for providing annotation summaries toannotations associated with analyzed unstructured data is depicted. At202, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) mayreceive annotations associated with the analyzed unstructured data. Forexample, and as previously described, a software program 114 (FIG. 1),such as IBM® Advanced Care Insights, may analyze unstructured data thatmay include a document such as a medical evaluation report. Furthermore,based on the analysis, annotations may be generated on the unstructureddata, and the annotations and the analyzed unstructured data may bestored on a data structure such as a common analysis structure (CAS).For example, IBM® Advanced Care Insights may analyze the medicalevaluation report by providing annotations on the medical evaluationreport of the terms and phrases that are determined to be medical injuryindicators, such as the terms and phrases “dry cracked nail,” “chestpain,” “shortness of breath,” “smelling of toe,” and “swelling of toe.”Specifically, the annotation may include a statement such as, “smellingof toe is a medical injury indicator.” As such, the annotationsummarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may interact with the softwareprogram 114 (FIG. 1) and the CAS to receive the annotations associatedwith the analyzed unstructured data.

Next, at 204, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1)may sort the received annotations. Specifically, the annotationsummarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may sort the receivedannotations based on annotation type. For example, the annotationsummarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may receive annotations basedon a medical evaluation report that may include annotated terms andphrases associated with annotation types such as medical injuryindicators, medical procedures, and medicines. Specifically, theannotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may receiveannotations based on an annotation type, such as medical injury, and mayinclude the annotated terms and phrases such as “dry cracked nail,”“chest pain,” “shortness of breath,” “smelling of toe,” and “swelling oftoe.” Furthermore, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B(FIG. 1) may receive annotations based on an annotation type, such asmedicines, and may include the annotated terms and phrases such as“antifungal pills,” “topical cream,” “anticoagulants,” “beta blockers,”and “diuretics.” As such, the annotation summarization program 108A,108B (FIG. 1) may sort the annotations by grouping the annotated termsand phrases associated with medical injuries, and grouping the annotatedterms and phrases associated with medicines.

Then, at 206, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1)may receive focal points based on the analyzed unstructured data. Aspreviously described at step 202, the annotation summarization program108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may receive annotations associated with analyzedunstructured data that may include a document such as a medicalevaluation report. Furthermore, based on user input, the annotationsummarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may focus on different partsof the analyzed unstructured data, thereby enabling users to choose theannotations to summarize, by receiving focal points on the analyzedunstructured data. Specifically, based on user input, the annotationsummarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may receive focal points suchas term focal points, phrase focal points, sentence focal points,paragraph focal points, section focal points, and document focal points.For example, based on user input, the annotation summarization program108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may receive a paragraph focal point. Therefore, theannotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may focus on theparagraph that is associated with the received paragraph focal point.

Next, at 208, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1)may extract the sorted annotations associated with the received focalpoints. As previously described at step 206, based on received focalpoints, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) mayfocus on parts of the analyzed unstructured data. Thereafter, theannotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may extract thesorted annotations associated with the received focal points. Forexample, the analyzed unstructured data may include a document such as amedical evaluation report. Furthermore, based on user input, theannotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may receive aparagraph focal point to focus on a paragraph associated with themedical evaluation report, whereby the paragraph may include sortedannotations based on the annotation type “medical injury” that areassociated with the terms “dry cracked nail,” “chest pain,” “shortnessof breath,” “smelling of toe,” and “swelling of toe.” Therefore, theannotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may extract thesorted annotations associated with the terms “dry cracked nail,” “chestpain,” “shortness of breath,” “smelling of toe,” and “swelling of toe.”

Next, at 210, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1)may normalize the terms and phrases associated with the extractedannotations. Specifically, the annotation summarization program 108A,108B (FIG. 1) may normalize the terms and phrases associated with theextracted annotations based on a unified modeling language structure.For example, and as previously described at step 208, the annotationsummarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may extract sorted annotationsassociated with terms and phrases such as “dry cracked nail,” “chestpain,” “shortness of breath,” “smelling of toe,” and “swelling of toe.”Furthermore, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1)may determine that a unified modeling language structure based onmedical terms and phrases may associate the phrase “smelling of toe”with the phrase “toe odor.” Therefore, based on the unified modelinglanguage structure, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B(FIG. 1) may normalize the term “smelling of toe” to “toe odor.”

Then, at 212, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1)may determine topics associated with the extracted annotations based onthe normalized terms and phrases. Specifically, the annotationsummarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may determine topicsassociated with the extracted annotations by comparing the normalizedterms and phrases to ontologies, and scoring the normalized terms andphrases based on the comparison. More specifically, and as previouslydescribed at steps 208 and 210, the annotation summarization program108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may extract sorted annotations associated with amedical evaluation report, and normalize the terms and phrasesassociated with the extracted annotations. Thereafter, the annotationsummarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may determine topicsassociated with the extracted annotations by comparing the normalizedterms and phrases to diseases, ailments, and symptoms based on medicalontologies. Then, based on a relation threshold value, the annotationsummarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may score the normalized termsbased on the comparison. Specifically, the annotation summarizationprogram 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may use the relation threshold value todetermine the normalized terms and phrases degree of relation to thediseases, ailments, and symptoms associated with the medical ontologies.

For example, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1)may compare the normalized terms and phrases such as “dry cracked nail,”“toe odor,” and “toe swelling” to diseases, ailments, and symptomsassociated with the medical ontologies. Furthermore, the annotationsummarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may set a relation thresholdvalue of 50%, whereby normalized terms that are related to a disease,ailment, and/or symptom greater than (>) 50% are associated with thatdisease, ailment, and/or symptom. Next, based on the comparison, theannotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may determine thatthe normalized term “dry cracked nail” is 95% related to the topic “toefungus,” the normalized term “toe odor” is 70% related to the topic “toefungus,” and the normalized term “toe swelling” is 90% related to thetopic “toe fungus.” Also, for example, the annotation summarizationprogram 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may compare the normalized terms and phrasessuch as “chest pain” and “shortness of breath” to diseases, ailments,and symptoms associated with the medical ontologies Then, based on thecomparison, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) maydetermine that the normalized term “chest pain” is 100% related to thetopic “heart attack,” and that the normalized term “shortness of breath”is 95% related to the topic “heart attack.” Therefore, the annotationsummarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may determine that the topic“toe fungus” may be associated with the extracted annotations thatinclude the normalized terms “dry cracked nail,” “toe odor,” and “toeswelling,” and determine that the topic “heart attack” may be associatedwith the extracted annotations that include the normalized terms “chestpain” and “shortness of breath.”

Next, at 214, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1)may group the extracted annotations based on the determined topics. Aspreviously described at step 212, the annotation summarization program108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may determine topics associated with the extractedannotations based on the normalized terms and phrases. For example, theannotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may determine thatthe topic “toe fungus” may be associated with the extracted annotationsthat include the normalized terms “dry cracked nail,” “toe odor,” and“toe swelling,” and determine that the topic “heart attack” may beassociated with the extracted annotations that include the normalizedterms “chest pain” and “shortness of breath.” Therefore, the annotationsummarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may group the extractedannotation that includes the normalized phrase “dry cracked nail” withthe extracted annotation that includes the normalized phrase “toe odor”as well as with the extracted annotation that includes the normalizedphrase “toe swelling.” Additionally, the annotation summarizationprogram 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may group the extracted annotation thatincludes the normalized phrase “chest pain” with the extractedannotation that includes the normalized phrase “shortness of breath.”

Then, at 216, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1)may summarize the grouped annotations based on the determined topics togenerate a summarized annotation. As previously described at steps 212and 214, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) maydetermine topics to associate with the extracted annotations, and thengroup the extracted annotations based on the determined topics. As such,the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may summarizethe grouped annotations into at least one phrase and/or topic based onthe determined topic. For example, based on the determined topic “toefungus,” the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) maygroup the extracted annotation that includes the normalized phrase “drycracked nail” with the extracted annotation that includes the normalizedphrase “toe odor” as well as with the extracted annotation that includesthe normalized phrase “toe swelling” that are based on the annotationtype “medical injury.” Thereafter, the annotation summarization program108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may summarize the grouped annotations into at leastone phrase/topic such as “medical injury—toe fungus,” and generate asummarized annotation that includes “medical injury—toe fungus.”

Next, at 218, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1)may replace the extracted annotations with the summarized annotation. Aspreviously described at steps 206 and 208, based on user input, theannotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may receive aparagraph focal point associated with the analyzed unstructured data andextract the sorted annotations associated with the received paragraphfocal point. Furthermore, and as previously described at steps 214 and216, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may groupthe extracted annotations, and summarize the grouped annotations togenerate a summarized annotation. Therefore, the annotationsummarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may replace the extractedannotations associated with the received paragraph focal point with thesummarized annotation. For example, the annotation summarization program108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may extract sorted annotations associated with thephrases “dry cracked nail,” “chest pain,” “shortness of breath,”“smelling of toe,” and “swelling of toe” based on a received paragraphfocal point. Thereafter, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B(FIG. 1) may group the extracted annotations associated with the phrases“dry cracked nail,” “smelling of toe,” and “swelling of toe” based on adetermined topic, such as “toe fungus,” that is associated with thenormalized version of the terms and phrases included in the extractedannotations. Then, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B(FIG. 1) may summarize the grouped annotations to generate a summarizedannotation, such as “medical injury—toe fungus.” As such, the annotationsummarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may replace the extractedannotations associated with the phrases “dry cracked nail,” “smelling oftoe,” and “swelling of toe” with the at least one summarized phrase“medical injury—toe fungus.”

Then, at 220, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1)may present the summarized annotation on the analyzed unstructured data.As previously described at step 218, the annotation summarizationprogram 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may replace the extracted annotations withthe summarized annotation. Therefore, in place of the extractedannotations, the summarized annotation may be presented on the analyzedunstructured data. For example, the annotation summarization program108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may replace the extracted annotations associatedwith the phrases “dry cracked nail,” “smelling of toe,” and “swelling oftoe” with the at least one summarized phrase “medical injury—toefungus.” Therefore, on the paragraph associated with the receivedparagraph focal point, the annotation summarization program 108A, 108B(FIG. 1) may present the summarized annotation “medical injury—toefungus” on the analyzed unstructured data in place of the extractedannotations associated with the phrases “dry cracked nail,” “smelling oftoe,” and “swelling of toe.”

It may be appreciated that FIG. 2 provides only illustrations of oneimplementation and does not imply any limitations with regard to howdifferent embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to thedepicted environments may be made based on design and implementationrequirements. For example, in response to a user action such as a userscrolling over or clicking on the presented summarized annotation, theannotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may display theextracted annotations that are associated with the summarizedannotation. For example, in response to a user scrolling over orclicking on the summarized annotation “medical injury—toe fungus” on theanalyzed unstructured data, the annotation summarization program 108A,108B (FIG. 1) may display the extracted annotations associated with thephrases “dry cracked nail,” “smelling of toe,” and “swelling of toe.”

FIG. 3 is a block diagram 300 of internal and external components ofcomputers depicted in FIG. 1 in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment of the present invention. It should be appreciated that FIG.3 provides only an illustration of one implementation and does not implyany limitations with regard to the environments in which differentembodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depictedenvironments may be made based on design and implementationrequirements.

Data processing system 800, 900 is representative of any electronicdevice capable of executing machine-readable program instructions. Dataprocessing system 800, 900 may be representative of a smart phone, acomputer system, PDA, or other electronic devices. Examples of computingsystems, environments, and/or configurations that may represented bydata processing system 800, 900 include, but are not limited to,personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thickclients, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems,microprocessor-based systems, network PCs, minicomputer systems, anddistributed cloud computing environments that include any of the abovesystems or devices.

User client computer 102 (FIG. 1), and network server 112 (FIG. 1)include respective sets of internal components 800 a, b and externalcomponents 900 a, b illustrated in FIG. 3. Each of the sets of internalcomponents 800 a, b includes one or more processors 820, one or morecomputer-readable RAMs 822, and one or more computer-readable ROMs 824on one or more buses 826, and one or more operating systems 828 and oneor more computer-readable tangible storage devices 830. The one or moreoperating systems 828, the software program 114 (FIG. 1) and theannotation summarization program 108A (FIG. 1) in client computer 102(FIG. 1), and the annotation summarization program 108B (FIG. 1) innetwork server computer 112 (FIG. 1) are stored on one or more of therespective computer-readable tangible storage devices 830 for executionby one or more of the respective processors 820 via one or more of therespective RAMs 822 (which typically include cache memory). In theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, each of the computer-readable tangiblestorage devices 830 is a magnetic disk storage device of an internalhard drive. Alternatively, each of the computer-readable tangiblestorage devices 830 is a semiconductor storage device such as ROM 824,EPROM, flash memory or any other computer-readable tangible storagedevice that can store a computer program and digital information.

Each set of internal components 800 a, b, also includes a R/W drive orinterface 832 to read from and write to one or more portablecomputer-readable tangible storage devices 936 such as a CD-ROM, DVD,memory stick, magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk orsemiconductor storage device. A software program, such as an annotationsummarization program 108A and 108B (FIG. 1), can be stored on one ormore of the respective portable computer-readable tangible storagedevices 936, read via the respective R/W drive or interface 832 andloaded into the respective hard drive 830.

Each set of internal components 800 a, b also includes network adaptersor interfaces 836 such as a TCP/IP adapter cards, wireless Wi-Fiinterface cards, or 3G or 4G wireless interface cards or other wired orwireless communication links. The annotation summarization program 108A(FIG. 1) and software program 114 (FIG. 1) in client computer 102 (FIG.1), and the annotation summarization program 108B (FIG. 1) in networkserver 112 (FIG. 1) can be downloaded to client computer 102 (FIG. 1)from an external computer via a network (for example, the Internet, alocal area network or other, wide area network) and respective networkadapters or interfaces 836. From the network adapters or interfaces 836,the annotation summarization program 108A (FIG. 1) and software program114 (FIG. 1) in client computer 102 (FIG. 1) and the annotationsummarization program 108B (FIG. 1) in network server computer 112(FIG. 1) are loaded into the respective hard drive 830. The network maycomprise copper wires, optical fibers, wireless transmission, routers,firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and/or edge servers.

Each of the sets of external components 900 a, b can include a computerdisplay monitor 920, a keyboard 930, and a computer mouse 934. Externalcomponents 900 a, b can also include touch screens, virtual keyboards,touch pads, pointing devices, and other human interface devices. Each ofthe sets of internal components 800 a, b also includes device drivers840 to interface to computer display monitor 920, keyboard 930, andcomputer mouse 934. The device drivers 840, R/W drive or interface 832and network adapter or interface 836 comprise hardware and software(stored in storage device 830 and/or ROM 824).

It is understood in advance that although this disclosure includes adetailed description on cloud computing, implementation of the teachingsrecited herein are not limited to a cloud computing environment. Rather,embodiments of the present invention are capable of being implemented inconjunction with any other type of computing environment now known orlater developed.

Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for enabling convenient,on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computingresources (e.g. networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing,memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that canbe rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort orinteraction with a provider of the service. This cloud model may includeat least five characteristics, at least three service models, and atleast four deployment models.

Characteristics are as follows:

On-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilaterally provisioncomputing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, asneeded automatically without requiring human interaction with theservice's provider.

Broad network access: capabilities are available over a network andaccessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneousthin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).

Resource pooling: the provider's computing resources are pooled to servemultiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physicaland virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according todemand. There is a sense of location independence in that the consumergenerally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of theprovided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher levelof abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter).

Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elasticallyprovisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out andrapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilitiesavailable for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can bepurchased in any quantity at any time.

Measured service: cloud systems automatically control and optimizeresource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level ofabstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage,processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can bemonitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both theprovider and consumer of the utilized service.

Service Models are as follows:

Software as a Service (SaaS): the capability provided to the consumer isto use the provider's applications running on a cloud infrastructure.The applications are accessible from various client devices through athin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based e-mail).The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloudinfrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage,or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exceptionof limited user-specific application configuration settings.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): the capability provided to the consumer isto deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquiredapplications created using programming languages and tools supported bythe provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlyingcloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems, orstorage, but has control over the deployed applications and possiblyapplication hosting environment configurations.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the capability provided to theconsumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and otherfundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy andrun arbitrary software, which can include operating systems andapplications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlyingcloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage,deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networkingcomponents (e.g., host firewalls).

Deployment Models are as follows:

Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for anorganization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party andmay exist on-premises or off-premises.

Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by severalorganizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns(e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and complianceconsiderations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third partyand may exist on-premises or off-premises.

Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to the generalpublic or a large industry group and is owned by an organization sellingcloud services.

Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or moreclouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities butare bound together by standardized or proprietary technology thatenables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting forload-balancing between clouds).

A cloud computing environment is service oriented with a focus onstatelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability.At the heart of cloud computing is an infrastructure comprising anetwork of interconnected nodes.

Referring now to FIG. 4, illustrative cloud computing environment 400 isdepicted. As shown, cloud computing environment 400 comprises one ormore cloud computing nodes 100 with which local computing devices usedby cloud consumers, such as, for example, personal digital assistant(PDA) or cellular telephone 400A, desktop computer 400B, laptop computer400C, and/or automobile computer system 400N may communicate. Nodes 100may communicate with one another. They may be grouped (not shown)physically or virtually, in one or more networks, such as Private,Community, Public, or Hybrid clouds as described hereinabove, or acombination thereof. This allows cloud computing environment 400 tooffer infrastructure, platforms and/or software as services for which acloud consumer does not need to maintain resources on a local computingdevice. It is understood that the types of computing devices 400A-Nshown in FIG. 4 are intended to be illustrative only and that computingnodes 100 and cloud computing environment 400 can communicate with anytype of computerized device over any type of network and/or networkaddressable connection (e.g., using a web browser).

Referring now to FIG. 5, a set of functional abstraction layers 500provided by cloud computing environment 400 (FIG. 4) is shown. It shouldbe understood in advance that the components, layers, and functionsshown in FIG. 5 are intended to be illustrative only and embodiments ofthe invention are not limited thereto. As depicted, the following layersand corresponding functions are provided:

Hardware and software layer 60 includes hardware and softwarecomponents. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes 61; RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture based servers 62;servers 63; blade servers 64; storage devices 65; and networks andnetworking components 66. In some embodiments, software componentsinclude network application server software 67 and database software 68.

Virtualization layer 70 provides an abstraction layer from which thefollowing examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers71; virtual storage 72; virtual networks 73, including virtual privatenetworks; virtual applications and operating systems 74; and virtualclients 75.

In one example, management layer 80 may provide the functions describedbelow. Resource provisioning 81 provides dynamic procurement ofcomputing resources and other resources that are utilized to performtasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing 82provide cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloudcomputing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of theseresources. In one example, these resources may comprise applicationsoftware licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloudconsumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources.User portal 83 provides access to the cloud computing environment forconsumers and system administrators. Service level management 84provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such thatrequired service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planningand fulfillment 85 provide pre-arrangement for, and procurement of,cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipatedin accordance with an SLA.

Workloads layer 90 provides examples of functionality for which thecloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads andfunctions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping andnavigation 91; software development and lifecycle management 92; virtualclassroom education delivery 93; data analytics processing 94;transaction processing 95; and annotation summarization 96. Anannotation summarization program 108A, 108B (FIG. 1) may be offered “asa service in the cloud” (i.e., Software as a Service (SaaS)) forapplications running on mobile devices 102 (FIG. 1) and may provideannotation summaries to annotations associated with analyzedunstructured data.

The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present inventionhave been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intendedto be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Manymodifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skillin the art without departing from the scope of the describedembodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain theprinciples of the embodiments, the practical application or technicalimprovement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodimentsdisclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer program product for providing at leastone annotation summary for a plurality of annotations associated with atleast one analyzed unstructured data, comprising: one or morecomputer-readable storage devices and program instructions stored on atleast one of the one or more computer-readable storage devices, theprogram instructions executable by a processor, the program instructionscomprising: program instructions to extract and receive the at least oneanalyzed unstructured data, wherein the at least one analyzedunstructured data is associated with a document based on an audio,video, or image file; program instructions to receive the plurality ofannotations associated with the at least one analyzed unstructured datafrom at least one common analysis structure (CAS); program instructionsto sort the received plurality of annotations by sorting the receivedplurality of annotations based on at least one annotation type; programinstructions to receive at least one focal point on the at least oneanalyzed unstructured data, wherein the at least one focal point isbased on text; program instructions to extract the sorted plurality ofannotations associated with the received at least one focal point;program instructions to normalize a plurality of terms and a pluralityof phrases associated with the extracted plurality of annotations basedon at least one unified modeling language structure; programinstructions to determine at least one topic based on the normalizedplurality of terms and the normalized plurality of phrases associatedwith the extracted plurality of annotations by comparing the normalizedterms and the normalized phrases associated with the extractedannotations to at least one ontology associated with the analyzedunstructured data, and scoring the normalized terms and the normalizedphrases associated with the extracted annotations based on thecomparison and at least one relation threshold value; programinstructions to group the extracted plurality of annotations based onthe determined at least one topic; program instructions to summarize thegrouped plurality of annotations to generate at least one summarizedannotation; program instructions to replace the extracted plurality ofannotations with the at least one summarized annotation; programinstructions to present the at least one summarized annotation in placeof the extracted plurality of annotations on the at least one analyzedunstructured data; and in response to receiving at least one useraction, program instructions to display the extracted plurality ofannotations associated with the at least one summarized annotation.